Legality of contracts

Agencies and other headaches, keys and cleaners, running costs and contracts...in short, all the things we spend so much of our time doing behind the scenes.<br>
Clexane
Posts: 330
Joined: Fri Apr 22, 2005 3:42 pm
Location: Provence France
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Post by Clexane »

We send out two versions of the contract. One in English and one in French. They say exactly the same thing and are only a transaltion of each other.

We only require the tenants to sign the French contract and send it back to us. We clearly not that the english version is only for their information and not the contract. If they have any issue with knowing if one reads different then we would direct them to Babel fish which translates English to French where they can check it.

No complaints so far for all bookings this year.
So you wanted a holiday home in france ...

www.villaemmanuelle.com
bubulina
Posts: 3
Joined: Sat Sep 03, 2005 12:30 pm
Location: park city, utah

us contracts?

Post by bubulina »

Does anyone have sample contracts for the US?

Thanks,
Bubulina (new to forum)
ski utah...
Washy
Posts: 13
Joined: Wed Aug 17, 2005 9:11 am
Location: Corbieres, AUDE, France

contracts

Post by Washy »

I am just compiling contracts and terms etc for our first clients, can anyone post an example of a version in french please?

After reading this thread I like the idea of sending out a french contract with an english translation.

Thanks
Washy - setting up little village house gite in the Corbieres.....
Clexane
Posts: 330
Joined: Fri Apr 22, 2005 3:42 pm
Location: Provence France
Contact:

Post by Clexane »

Washy,

We issue a general conditions and a rental agreement in both languages. The rental agreement contains both parties names the rates the addresses ad the rental period. It is a simple one page document. I attach the general conditions which are all the legal points which is what I think is the hard part and what you are after :

English version
Holiday Rental Agreement
(Seasonal hiring)
Arrivals and Departures:

Arrivals are between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. Departures are between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. Inventories are done upon arrivals and departures during these times. Except by prior agreement with the owner or local representative, if the tenant does not arrive between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. the first day of the rental period, access will be granted the following day according to the availability of the local representative.

Approved Use

The hiring can in no case profit with a third party, except prior to agreement of the owner.

Obligation to use reasonable care with facilities and installations.

All the facilities and installations are in operating state and any complaint should be advised not more than 24 hours after commencement of rental period. Repairs made necessary by the negligence or bad maintenance in the course of rental will be the responsibility of the tenant.

Obligation to take care that the peace of the neighbourhood is not disturbed by the tenant or his family.

Obligation to give back the Villa in a reasonable state.

Upon departure, the tenant commits to returning the house in a reasonable state and as tidy as it was found upon arrival. Up to 2 hours cleaning is included in the rate. The villa should be broom-cleaned and everything should be returned to their original location. In the event that the villa is returned in a state that will require more than 2 hours cleaning, an amount of 40 euros will be charged for cleaning and deducted from the security deposit.

Furniture and materials on the inventory will be put back in their place.

Animals are not allowed

The presence of animals, in spite of the refusal of the owner, will result in the immediate breach of this contract including eviction without refund.

Special Cases

• The number of tenants should not exceed nine people (8 adults/children + 1 baby). If necessary, and subject to the agreement of the owner who can refuse the additional people, an increase of price will be applied.

• In the event of anticipated shortening of the stay by the tenant, the price of the hiring remains the same. No refund will be carried out, except the deposit provided that there is no damage at the time of departure.

• The inventory of fixtures and an inventory of the furniture and the various equipment will be made at the beginning and the end of the stay by the owner/local rep and the tenant. A sheet of inventory will be drawn up and signed. The tenant will have a 24 hours deadline to point out to the owner the noted anomalies. At the end of this period, the rented goods will be regarded as free from damage at the entry of the tenant.

• In case an inventory is not carried out, because one’s time of departure is not the one envisaged in the contract and incompatible with the owner’s timetable, the owner will unilaterally carry out the inventory of fixtures during the time stated in the contract, and will return the deposit in the 10 days following the departure in the absence of damages and subject to good maintaining of the villa (household included).If the owner notes damage, he will inform the tenant by registered mail with acknowledgement of delivery within eight days. Consequently, he will have a 2 months deadline after the departure date to give back the deposit less a deduction made for the damage, the loss of the objects, etc.

• With regard to duly noted damages, they will be the subject of a reserve on the deposit, the cost of which will be determined by a friendly agreement between owner or local representative and the tenant.

• In the event of litigation, an estimate will be carried out by a professional.

The owner reserves the right to enter onto the property at reasonable times to carry out normal maintenance, which may include gardening, cleaning work, swimming pool maintenance etc. Under no circumstances may tenants touch or interfere with any pool equipments or materials or other similar equipments. The owner reserves the right to take any relevant action, including immediate termination of the tenancy, if any property including the swimming pool and its grounds are abused or misused. Damage to the lining of swimming pools as a result of the fault or abuse, either willfully or negligently or otherwise, of the tenants will be fully charged to tenants up to the cost of replacing, such liner and any consequences thereof.

• The owner shall not be liable to the client:
- For any temporary defect or stoppage in the supply of public service (Electricity, Water etc) to the property, not in respect of any equipment, plant, machinery or appliance in the Property, garden or swimming pool.
- For any loss, damage or injury that is the result of adverse weather conditions, riot, war, strikes or other matters beyond the control of the agents.
- For any loss, damage or inconvenience caused to or suffered by the Client if the Property shall be destroyed or substantially damaged before the start of the rental period and in such event, the agents shall within seven days of the notification to the Client, refund to the Client all sums previously paid in respect of the rental period.
• Under no circumstances shall the owner’s liability to the Client exceed the amount paid for the rental period.
• No responsibility can be accepted for injury to a user or visitor and loss or damage to the user’s or visitor’s belongings.
• No responsibility can be accepted for any loss or damage to any motor vehicle or its contents.
• The parking of caravans (motorised or otherwise) or camping is not permitted on the Property grounds without written permission of the owner.
• Please note that neither the owners, nor the local representatives take any responsibility for any injuries whatsoever and however caused with regard to the use of the swimming pool. Children should, at all times be supervised by a responsible adult. As the head of your party you are deemed to be wholly and exclusively responsible for any member of your party whilst at the property and specifically when the pool is being used. You are expected to have read the rules for the pool and any notices appertaining to its use and to have made these clear to each member of your party, particularly those with small children.

Insurances

The tenant is required to insure the house that he rents due to damages or liabilities that may arise due to their actions. Tenant must thus check if the contract of his main residence includes holiday rental. If not, tenant must seek an extension from their main residence insurance company and claim the extension of the guarantees, or take out insurance particular to holiday rentals. A certificate of insurance will be required from the tenant upon arrival in the villa or a letter of commitment to meet any damages or liabilities that may arise.
The Client is strongly recommended to arrange a comprehensive travel insurance policy (including cancellation cover) and to have full cover for the party’s personal belongings, public liability etc.

Security Deposit (or GUARANTEE)

The amount of the guarantee is fixed at 800 euros. No key will be given before the receipt of all the payments, balances and guarantee. Any delay of payment on behalf of the tenant can involve a delay in the delivery of the keys; in this case this will not give right to any refunding and compensation even if the period is partially or completely reduced because of the delays.

This deposit will be returned to the tenant at the end of the rental period, after inventory of fixtures. In the event of losses or damage caused by the tenant, the amount of this deposit will be reduced by the cost of repairing or expenses of replacement, on presentation of the documents of proof by the owner, and this will take place within two maximum month.

If the guarantee is insufficient, the tenant agrees, to supplement the sum on presentation of documents of proof. This guarantee will not be under no circumstances regarded as a participation in the payment of the rent.

Payment

The reservation will become binding after the signed return of this contract based on the stamped mail date and the receipt of the 30% down payment in the owners account. If the contract is not returned before the date requested, the reservation will be cancelled.

The balance of rental is due 6 weeks before arrival. If the tenant delays arrival, the tenant must notify the owner or local representatives. In the event of non-payment, the rental is cancelled without redress.

Conditions of Cancellation

Any cancellation must be notified by registered letter. In the event of cancellation of the contract on behalf of the tenant and for whatever reason (accident, disease, case of absolute necessity or unforeseen event):
- in more than one month before the effective date of the lease, the tenant loses the paid down payments,
- In less than one month before the effective date of the lease, the tenant will loose the total rent.
- If the tenant does not show on the first day of the rental period mentioned on the contract, and 24 hours has passed without notifying the owner this contract will be regarded as cancelled. The owner may re-rent the villa at his discretion.

The owner is by no means responsible for the transport of his customers. The Owner cannot be held responsible for difficulties of his customers arriving at the villa, whatever the reasons even including events beyond his control or Force Majeure and will not be required to refund any monies.

Unauthorised staying in the property

The tenant will be able in no circumstance to prevail himself of an unspecified right to stay in the property with the expiry of the period of hiring initially envisaged on this contract, except by agreement of the owner. Any occupancy after date and fixed hour involves the total confiscation of the deposit. An additional amount equivalent to one and half the paid rent, damage for deprivation of pleasure towards the owner or his have-rights, of the payment of the expenses of hotel, the expenses of search of hotel and all other consecutive expenses to this serious fault. The owner, represented by the legal tenant on standby, will request expressly with the police force to vacate the premise without any further authorization, with the dates and hours stipulated on this contract with a grace period one hour. We will also commence proceedings to sue for illegal occupation of dwelling. In this case or even if the police force would not like to or cannot intervene, the next tenant can constantly and after the hour envisaged including the grace period, can evacuate themselves the belongings of the previous tenant without any reproach as they are the only occupant authorized to occupy the rented premises. The failing tenant will be able to prevail himself of no right, neither for eviction, housebreaking, expulsion, nor for any other reason whatsoever. Only a serious problem of health, justified by a medical document specifying the requirement not to be moved and preventing any transport away from the rented premise will prevent an evacuation by force by the police force or the legal tenant. This circumstance would not suspend therefore the refunding, expenses, compensations quoted in this paragraph.

Litigations

In the absence of agreement with the owner, this Contract is entirely regulated by French law and will be considered to have been made in France. Any proceedings arising out of or in connection with this Contract may be brought in any court of competent French jurisdiction.
French version

Note only the French version needs to be signed as only french contracts for French properties are appilicable for rentals in france
CONTRAT DE LOCATION MEUBLEE
(Location Saisonnière)

ARRIVEE – DEPART :
Les arrivées se font entre 15 heures et 18 heures. Les départs ont lieu entre 8 heures et 10 heures. Les états des lieux et inventaires se font au départ et à l’arrivée durant ces plages horaires. Sauf accord préalable du propriétaire ou du representant local, si le locataire ne s’est pas présenté durant les heures prévues le jour de la location, l’entrée dans les lieux s’effectuera le lendemain selon la disponibilité du representant local.
UTILISATION DES LIEUX :
La location ne peut en aucun cas bénéficier à des tiers, sauf accord préalable du propriétaire.
• Obligation de les occuper « en bon père de famille » et de les entretenir. Toutes les installations sont en état de marche et toute réclamation les concernant survenant plus de 24 heures après l’entrée en jouissance des lieux ne pourra être admise. Les réparations rendues nécessaires par la négligence ou le mauvais entretien en cours de location seront à la charge du locataire.
• Obligation de veiller à ce que la tranquillité du voisinage ne soit pas troublée par le fait du preneur ou de sa famille.
• Obligation de rendre le logement dans un etat raisonnable . A son départ, le locataire s’engage à rendre le meublé dans un etat de proprete generale et aussi bien range qu’ a son arrivee. Nous avons inclus jusqu’a 2 heures de menage dans le tarif. Au cas ou il faudrait plus de 2 heures pour remettre la villa en etat, des frais de ménage d’un montant de 40 euros seront appliqués.
• L ‘ensemble du mobilier et du matériel figurant sur l’inventaire devront être remis à leur place.
ANIMAUX
LES ANIMAUX SONT FORMELLEMENT INTERDITS. La présence d’animaux familiers, malgré le refus du propriétaire, entraînera la rupture immédiate du présent contrat sans remboursement ni indemnité.
INTERRUPTION DU SEJOUR :
En cas d’interruption anticipée du séjour par le locataire, le prix de la location reste acquis. Il ne sera procédé à aucun remboursement, hormis le dépôt de garantie à condition qu’il n’y ait pas de dégâts lors de l’état des lieux de sortie.
ETAT DES LIEUX ET INVENTAIRE :
L’état des lieux et l’inventaire du mobilier et des divers équipements seront faits en début et fin de séjour par le propriétaire et le locataire. Une feuille d’inventaire sera établie et signée. Le locataire disposera d’un délai de 24 heures pour signaler au propriétaire les anomalies constatées. Passé ce délai, les biens loués seront considérés comme exempts de dommages à l’entrée du locataire.
En cas de non-réalisation d’état des lieux, en raison d’une heure de départ autre que celle prévue au contrat et incompatible avec son emploi du temps, le propriétaire effectuera unilatéralement l’état des lieux durant la plage horaire prévue de départ, et renverra la caution dans les 10 jours qui suivent le départ en l’absence de dégradation et sous réserve de bonne remise en état des lieux.
Si le propriétaire constate des dégâts, il devra en informer le locataire par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception sous huitaine. En conséquence, il aura un délai de 2 mois après la date de départ pour restituer la caution déduction faite des dégâts, de la perte des objets, etc …
En ce qui concerne les détériorations dûment constatées, elles feront l’objet d’une retenue sur la caution dont le montant sera déterminé par accord amiable entre propriétaire ou representant local et le locataire.
En cas de litige, un devis sera effectué par un professionnel.
CAS PARTICULIERS :
Le nombre de locataires ne doit pas excéder neuf personnes (enfants compris). Le cas échéant, et sous réserve de l’accord du propriétaire qui peut refuser les personnes supplémentaires, une majoration de prix sera appliquée.
Le proprietaire se réserve le droit d'entrer dans la propriété à des horaires convenables pour l'entretien normal de la propriété, ce qui peut inclure le jardinage, ménage, entretien de la piscine etc. Les occupants s'interdisent de toucher tout matériel de la piscine ou autres. Le proprietaire se réserve le droit de prendre toute décision adéquate, y compris la résiliation immédiate de la location, si la propriété (y compris la piscine et ses abords) est l'objet d'une mauvaise utilisation. Le revêtement intérieur de la piscine, en particulier, sera complètement à la charge des locataires jusqu'au frais de remplacement du revêtement y compris pour le cas où il serait endommagé par suite de fautes, délibérées ou non du Client.
Le proprietaire n'est pas responsable envers le client:
- De l'interruption des services publics (EDF, eaux, etc) ni des défauts de matériel ou équipement dans la propriété, jardin ou piscine.
- Des pertes, dégâts ou dommages occasionnés du fait des conditions climatiques, par la force majeure ou de toute autre façon indépendante de la volonté de l'Agent.
- Des pertes, dégâts ou dérangements occasionnés au Client si la propriété est détruite ou largement endommagée avant le début de la période locative. Dans une telle situation, l'Agent devra, sous huitaine de l'avis donné au Client, rembourser au Client toutes les sommes déjà versées.
La responsabilité du proprietaire en aucune circonstance ne dépassera le montant versé par le Client pour la période locative.
Le proprietaire ne peut être tenu responsable des pertes ou dommages occasionnés par l'utilisation des équipements de la propriété, soit par les occupants, soit par leurs visiteurs.
Le proprietaire ne peut être tenu responsable des pertes ou dommages au véhicule.
Le stationnement de caravanes (motorisées ou non) ou le camping ne sont autorisés sur la propriété sans l'autorisation écrite de l'Agent.
Le propriétaire ne pourra en aucun cas être tenus pour responsables des dommages corporels en relation avec l'utilisation de la piscine. Les enfants devront faire l'objet d'une surveillance par un adulte. Le client sera seul et entièrement responsable des conséquences de l'utilisation par toute personne de son entourage ou de ses invités sur la propriété, de la piscine. Le client sera censé connaître toutes les règles de bonne utilisation de la piscine, et les avoir expliquées à toutes les personnes de son entourage, et particulièrement à celles ayant des enfants en bas âge.


ASSURANCES
Le locataire est tenu d’assurer le logement qu’il a loué. Il doit donc vérifier si son contrat d’habitation principale prévoit l’extension villégiature. Dans l’hypothèse contraire, il doit intervenir auprès de sa compagnie d’assurance et lui réclamer l’extension de la garantie, ou bien souscrire un contrat particulier au titre des clauses villégiature.
Une attestation d’assurances lui sera réclamée à l’arrivée dans l’appartement ou à défaut une attestation sur l’honneur.
L'assurance du proprietaire ne couvrant pas les biens personnels des clients ni la responsabilité civile, il est vivement recommandé au client de s'assurer contre ces risques, et de prendre une assurance voyage (comprenant une garantie contre l'annulation).
DEPOT DE GARANTIE (ou CAUTION)
Le montant de la caution est fixée à 800 euros. Aucune clef ne sera remise avant la réception de tous les règlements, solde et caution. Tout retard de règlement de la part du locataire pouvant entraîner un retard dans l’attribution des clefs ne donneront droit à aucun remboursement et dédommagement même si la période est partiellement ou totalement réduite du fait des retards.
Ce dépôt de garantie sera restitué au locataire au départ, après état des lieux.
En cas de pertes ou dégradations d’éléments du meublé occasionnés par le locataire, le montant de ce dépôt sera minoré du coût de remise en état ou des frais de remplacement sur présentation des justificatifs par le propriétaire, et ce dans un délai maximum de deux mois. Si la caution est insuffisante, le locataire s’engage, à compléter la somme sur présentation de justificatif. Cette caution ne pourra en aucun cas être considérée comme une participation au paiement du loyer.
PAIEMENT
La réservation deviendra effective dès lors que le locataire aura retourné un exemplaire signé du présent contrat avant la date indiquée sur le courrier joint et qu’un acompte correspondant à 30 % du montant total de location aura été perçu par le propriétaire. Si le contrat n’est pas retourné avant la date indiquée, la réservation sera annulée.
Le solde doit etre paye au plus tard 6 semaines avant l’arrivee prevue dans les lieux.
En cas d’impayé, la location est purement et simplement annulée.
CONDITIONS D’ANNULATION :
Toute annulation doit être notifiée par lettre recommandée.
En cas d’annulation du contrat de la part du locataire et quoi qu’il puisse survenir (accident, maladie, cas de force majeure ou événement imprévu) :
- à plus d'un mois avant la prise d'effet du bail, le locataire perd l’accompte versées,
- à moins d'un mois avant la prise d'effet du bail, le locataire perd le loyer total, à titre de clause pénale.
Si le locataire ne s’est pas présenté le jour mentionné sur le contrat, passé un délai de 24 heures et sans avis notifié au propriétaire : « le présent contrat est considéré comme résilié . Le propriétaire dispose alors de sa location.
Le propriétaire n’est nullement responsable du transport de ses clients. Il ne pourra être tenu responsable d’une impossibilité de ses clients de rejoindre le lieu de villégiature, quel qu’en soit la raison même en cas de force majeure et ne procédera à aucun remboursement.
MAINTIEN DANS LES LIEUX :
Le locataire ne pourra en aucune circonstance se prévaloir d’un quelconque droit au maintien dans les lieux à l’expiration de la période de location initialement prévue sur le présent contrat, sauf accord du propriétaire. Tout maintien après date et heure fixée entraîne la confiscation totale du dépôt de garantie. Un complément de location équivalent à une fois et demi le loyer payé, des dommages pour privation de jouissance envers le propriétaire ou ses ayants-droits, du paiement des frais d’hôtel, des frais de recherche d’hôtel et de tout autre frais consécutifs à cette faute grave. Le propriétaire, représenté par le locataire légal en attente, demande expressément à la police de faire évacuer les lieux sans autre avis ou autorisation, à la simple vue des dates et heures stipulées sur ce contrat avec un délai de grâce d’une heure. Demande est faite également d’un dépôt de plainte pour motif d’occupation illégale d’habitation. Au cas ou la police ne voudrait pas ou ne pourrait pas intervenir, le locataire en attente de libération du logement peut à tout moment et après l’heure prévue plus le délai de grâce, évacuer lui-même le matériel du locataire fautif sans qu’aucun reproche ne puisse lui être opposé car à ce moment, il est le seul occupant autorisé à être dans les lieux loués. Le locataire défaillant ne pourra se prévaloir d’aucun droit, ni porter plainte pour violation de domicile, vol, expulsion, ni pour aucun autre motif quel qu’il soit. Seul un problème de santé grave, justifié par un document médical spécifiant le maintien et empêchant un transport en dehors des lieux loués peuvent faire obstacle à une évacuation de force par la police ou le locataire légal. Ce cas ne suspendrait pas pour autant les remboursements, frais, dédommagements cités dans ce paragraphe.
LITIGES :
A défaut d’accord avec le propriétaire, il est fait attribution exclusive de compétences aux tribunaux français. Ce Contrat est entièrement régi par loi Française et sera considéré comme établi en France. Tout litige au sujet de l'application de ce contrat sera du ressort de la juridiction française compétente.
Par sa signature, le locataire reconnaît avoir pris connaissance de ce contrat.
Le bailleur Le locataire
Lu et approuvé
Date Date


Hope this helps
So you wanted a holiday home in france ...

www.villaemmanuelle.com
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tansy
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Post by tansy »

Crickey - makes mine look a bit limp...perhaps I should be adopting yours Clexane! :oops:
it's all a learning curve!
mario
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Post by mario »

Blimey I fell asleep reading that :(
Fraise
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Post by Fraise »

Coo,I thought mine was quite comprehensive- I'm not so sure now!!! Does anyone query the 800euros security deposit? Thankyou for sharing that with us :lol:

www.thepetitmanoir.com
Clexane
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Post by Clexane »

Actually we have never had a complaint and we have had lawyers stay. We can't take credit for a new invention. We took the ideas from both English and French letting companies and came up with what we hope covers everything. We find the French agreements worried about a few things the English ones didn't and Vice a Versa.

Fraise no problem with the 800 Euro security deposit and we accept it in any currency. Normally a cheque in France is good enough. Don't accept English cheques as they are too easy to cancel - we ask for a money transfer before they arrive.
So you wanted a holiday home in france ...

www.villaemmanuelle.com
Clexane
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Post by Clexane »

Tansy,

Feel free to copy with pride :)
So you wanted a holiday home in france ...

www.villaemmanuelle.com
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paolo
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Post by paolo »

Clexane,

Thank you for sharing. :)
Paolo
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Washy
Posts: 13
Joined: Wed Aug 17, 2005 9:11 am
Location: Corbieres, AUDE, France

Legality of Contracts

Post by Washy »

Clexane, thanks so much for that, this has saved me much searching and I shall probably adopt your versions.

I have my first booking this week but it is a friend of a friend but I am going to try the contract out on them under the pretext that I am just learning etc. I find this situation quite awkward as they have only communicated through our friends that they would like to stay - no money yet I will have to do it all on arrival, but I am determined to do it all up front and legal. The winter booking I have is a similar situation, but again I have taken on board all the advice from excellent posts on this site and will only do a contract for 5 months renewable.

Thanks all again.
Washy.
alexia s.
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Post by alexia s. »

Well done for your first booking, Washy - but you must do it properly (i.e. professionally). Friends of friends - unless you're making a gift - are just like every other paying guest: they should pay before they arrive and certainly before you give them the key. They should pay a security deposit - this is very important. If you don't treat them professionally they may think that it doesn't matter how they treat the property. If you've read other messages, you'll see that even good "friends" dont always treat our properties well.
Avoid problems, and you won't have any. Or, hardly any!
Best,
Alexia.
evabal
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Post by evabal »

Clexana:

Thank you for the copy. I have a small apartment in Budapest and I never thought of having a contract but this week finally I started to receive bookings for the Summer already (yippi I was so worried when everyone was sharing about the bookings that are arriving already... and I had non for next year). So this bookings are 8-9 months ahead and there are deposits involved and one of the ladies specifically asked for a "clear communication" regarding refunds. As I only starterted to rent this year in August, I never had downpayments, but suddenlt it become important to have some kind of contract.

In Hungary the law is very loose and I think your contract is very good. I do understand that it is not a Hungarian contract but I think in general it can be adopted as it more like the terms of the rental tat are important and that is I belive very universal....

Thanks,
Eva
Clexane
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Post by Clexane »

Evabal,

Feel free to copy it. Just check local law to see in which language the contract needs to be in to be binding in Hungary.

On the subject of Domicile in the UK. Care needs to be taken here as somebody can be a resident and not domiciled in the UK despite having lived there for 30 years. To be certain somebody is domiciled in the UK (and thus be able to use an English contract) they should have been born in the UK. I have just been through this with KPMG when we where reviewing our taxes. On a related matter - The most interesting part of course being that if you yourself are not 'Domiciled' in the UK then you are not subject to UK tax for income outside the UK unless it is remitted back to the UK.
So you wanted a holiday home in france ...

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Alan Knighting
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Post by Alan Knighting »

Eva,

It is far too complicated subject to go into here but it should always be remembered that the the laws of nationality, domicile, residence and residence for tax purposes are all different, and they differ from country to country.

They should never be confused, one for the other.

Alan
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